#wzzc-dev - MoonBit Graphics & Text Rendering

#Project Structure

wzzc-dev/
├── moon.mod                    # Root module
├── moon.work                   # Workspace configuration
│
├── graphics/                   # 2D graphics rendering
│   ├── moon.mod
│   ├── color.mbt              # RGBA color
│   ├── path.mbt               # Vector path
│   ├── paint.mbt              # Paint configuration
│   ├── pixmap.mbt             # Pixel buffer
│   ├── layer.mbt              # Off-screen layer cache
│   ├── layer_tree.mbt         # Z-ordered cached layer composition
│   ├── render_frame.mbt       # Frame canvas + layer tree submit unit
│   ├── rasterizer.mbt         # Scanline rasterizer
│   └── canvas.mbt             # Drawing canvas
│
├── text/                       # Text processing
│   ├── moon.mod
│   ├── reader.mbt             # Binary reader
│   ├── tables.mbt             # TTF tables
│   ├── parser.mbt             # TTF parser
│   ├── font.mbt               # Font data
│   ├── glyph.mbt              # Glyph representation
│   ├── shaper.mbt             # Text shaping
│   ├── layout.mbt             # Layout engine
│   ├── rasterizer.mbt         # Glyph rasterizer
│   ├── renderer.mbt           # Font renderer
│   └── file_io.mbt            # File I/O (uses moonbitlang/x/fs)
│
├── renderer/                   # Graphics + text integration
│   ├── moon.mod
│   ├── renderer.mbt           # Renderer core and text mask composition
│   └── renderer_test.mbt
│
├── softbuffer/                 # Pixel display
│   ├── moon.mod
│   ├── ffi.mbt                # FFI bindings
│   ├── surface.mbt            # graphics.Surface native present targets
│   ├── native_renderer.h      # Native present declarations
│   └── native_renderer.c      # Win32 present implementation and non-Windows stubs
│
└── examples/
    ├── headless_render/       # MemorySurface off-screen render smoke test
    │   ├── moon.mod
    │   ├── moon.pkg
    │   └── main.mbt
    ├── render_bench/          # Deterministic CPU render microbenchmark smoke
    │   ├── moon.mod
    │   ├── moon.pkg
    │   └── main.mbt
    ├── hello_world/            # RenderFrame + LayerTree window demo
    │   ├── moon.mod
    │   ├── moon.pkg
    │   └── main.mbt
    ├── font_demo/              # Font rendering demo
    │   ├── moon.mod
    │   ├── moon.pkg
    │   └── main.mbt
    └── triangle_window/        # Triangle rendering demo
        ├── moon.mod
        ├── moon.pkg
        └── main.mbt

#Libraries

#graphics

• Color, Path, Paint, Pixmap, Canvas, Layer, LayerTree, RenderFrame
• Scanline triangle/polygon fill
• Bresenham line drawing
• Bezier curve rendering
• Canvas line/polyline/polygon/arc/pie/rect/circle/ellipse and uniform/per-corner rounded-rect helpers for reusable GUI dividers, borders, progress rings, badges, ovals, panels, tabs, buttons, charts, simple icons, and input backgrounds
• Path conservative control-point bounds, fill-rule point containment queries, exact no-op simplification, and path-local affine transforms for hit testing, planning, reuse, and later geometry refinement
• Canvas::draw_placeholder_text for debug text boxes; real text drawing lives in renderer
• Canvas save/restore state stack, transform-aware rect/path drawing, transform helpers, and intersecting clip scopes for nested GUI drawing
• PaintShader device-space linear/radial/sweep gradients, color stops, spread modes, local transform inspection, and color-stop/geometry metadata queries for vector fills/strokes and coverage-mask drawing, with solid-color fallback through Paint
• PaintFilter identity/modulate/grayscale color filter chains with stage metadata for solid/shader/mask and paint-aware Pixmap drawing paths
• Surface trait, MemorySurface with present-operation records, aggregate present telemetry plus telemetry reset, isolated full/rect Pixmap, raw RGBA byte, and PPM snapshots, full/rect pixel checksums, present helpers, preflight-validated present batches with source-byte telemetry, and dirty-present batch dry-runs for Canvas, LayerTree, RenderFrame, and Pixmap
• Pixmap blitting, source-rect atlas drawing, source-rect coverage-mask drawing, tiled Pixmap fills, explicit nearest/bilinear/bicubic sampling modes, quality strategies for fast/balanced/high image drawing, transform-aware sampled Pixmap drawing, Porter-Duff and artistic Paint blend modes, deterministic full/rect raw RGBA bytes, PPM(P6) export, and lightweight full/rect pixel checksums for headless fixtures, and straight-alpha composition for image, glyph atlas, and layer caching
• PixmapCache for keyed reuse of image/layer pixmaps with copy-isolated cache entries, membership introspection, optional hit/insert telemetry, and opt-in LRU entry limits
• Nine-patch Pixmap scaling for reusable GUI panel/background image composition
• PixelRect / DirtyRegion tracking with merge, explicit dirty-present/dirty-submit plans, scheduler states, and Canvas bounded dirty-present helpers
• Layer off-screen caches with resize, overlap preservation, opacity/blend-mode composition, and dirty-region composition back into a target Canvas
• LayerTree z-order composition with dirty rectangle propagation, layer resize/remove/replace/reorder lifecycle, opacity/blend-mode property-change invalidation, dirty-present planning/batch dry-runs, and partial present submission
• RenderFrame as a frame-sized canvas and layer-tree submit unit with resize lifecycle, single/batched layer resize/clear and replacement/redraw helpers, dirty queries/marking, dirty-submit planning/results, event-loop schedule snapshots, explicit DirtyOnly/CachedRedraw/FullRedraw submit policies, policy-aware submit requests, cached redraw schedule execution, precomputed schedule submit execution, result-level scheduler, did-present, planned rect/cost telemetry, dirty batch dry-runs, Skip/Partial/Full present strategy planning, and strategy-aware submit helpers for backend event-loop integration

#text

• TTF font loading and parsing
• Checked TTF structural validation through FontFace/FontData parsing
• Documented FontParseError categories for callers that load untrusted font bytes
• FontFace, GlyphRun, and TextLayout facades for renderer and GUI-facing text APIs, including glyph coverage queries for fallback/resource selection
• FontFallbackPlan for segmenting text across an ordered FontFace stack and reporting missing-glyph spans before fallback shaping or cache scheduling
• FontFaceCache for keyed reuse of checked parsed faces in GUI/resource code, with membership introspection, optional hit/parse-miss telemetry, and opt-in LRU entry limits
• TextSystem for GUI/editor-facing keyed in-memory font registration/removal, checked parsed-face reuse, registered FontData lookup/replacement telemetry, registered-font layout, and caret geometry in layout-local coordinates
• GlyphMaskCache for keyed reuse of individual glyph coverage masks, with membership introspection, optional hit/rasterize-miss telemetry, and opt-in LRU entry limits
• GlyphMaskAtlas for text-local row-packed placement of copied glyph masks, with capacity, occupancy, free-space, fit-query, rotate-on-full insert, and atlas hit/new-insert telemetry helpers for resource lifecycle decisions
• TextMaskCache for keyed reuse of rendered coverage masks with copy-isolated cache entries, membership introspection, optional hit/render-miss telemetry, and opt-in LRU entry limits
• Left, center, right, and basic non-final-line justify alignment through the TextLayout facade
• Explicit newline and empty-line preservation in TextLayout, text masks, and renderer text drawing
• Configurable letter spacing and word spacing through LayoutConfig
• Trailing-space measurement and wrapping semantics suitable for editor-style text blocks
• Simplified LTR/RTL shaping order with inspectable ShapedText glyphs and positions
• Text layout and basic Unicode line-break classes for digits, combining marks, Hangul clusters, joiners, emoji modifiers, CJK ranges, and supplementary-plane format-12 cmap input, with unspaced CJK/Hangul wrapping through TextLayout
• Glyph rasterization with anti-aliasing
• Kerning support

#renderer

• Renderer::draw_text_face for checked FontFace -> TextLayout -> Canvas drawing
• Renderer::draw_text_fallback_line for ordered FontFace fallback spans, with missing-glyph span telemetry for GUI labels and resource scheduling
• Renderer::draw_text_fallback_line_cached for repeated ordered FontFace fallback labels backed by TextMaskCache, with render-hit telemetry per span
• Renderer::draw_text_face_cached for caller-owned TextMaskCache backed label/text-run drawing with hit/render telemetry
• Renderer::draw_text_face_atlas for caller-owned glyph mask cache and GlyphMaskAtlas backed text drawing with per-call draw/skip/cache/atlas/clear telemetry
• Renderer::draw_text_fallback_line_atlas for ordered FontFace fallback labels backed by glyph mask cache and GlyphMaskAtlas telemetry
• RendererTextResources for sharing bounded text-mask cache, glyph-mask cache, glyph atlas state, text/glyph residency checks, and cache/atlas snapshot telemetry across renderer text draws
• RendererResources for sharing checked font-face cache, renderer text resources, image PixmapCache, and font/text/glyph/image residency and snapshot telemetry from one GUI/resource object
• Renderer::draw_font_bytes_cached_with_renderer_resources, fallback-line, fallback atlas, and single-face atlas-backed font-byte drawing for checked parse reuse with font/span/text/glyph/atlas telemetry
• Renderer::draw_pixmap_cached and quality-scaled cached pixmap drawing for RendererResources backed image reuse with hit/insert telemetry
• Renderer::draw_coverage_mask for testing and low-level mask composition
• Renderer::draw_glyph_atlas_entry for compositing one glyph placement from a GlyphMaskAtlas coverage snapshot
• End-to-end regression from a parsed TTF printable ASCII fixture to rendered Pixmap pixels
• Keeps graphics independent from font parsing and text layout

#softbuffer

• NativeSurface implementation of the graphics.Surface present contract for external native window handles
• RenderFrame -> NativeSurface dirty/full present methods plus dry-run packed present batches, event-loop schedule snapshots, explicit native submit policies, policy-aware submit requests, cached redraw submit methods, precomputed schedule submit methods, and adapters for graphics-core strategy-aware submit/query/plan results with dirty bounds, fallback state, planned rect/cost, and full-present savings telemetry for window integration
• NativeSurface frame-size match/sync helpers and synced policy/strategy submit wrappers for persistent backend surfaces across window resize events
• Optional NativeSurface pre-present hook for window lifecycle notifications before validated native presents
• NativeSurface::present uses the same validated full-frame contract as Surface::present_pixels, including error propagation and hook timing
• Native full-frame and rectangle present entry points for dirty redraw plumbing; the current C backend presents through Win32 GDI on Windows and AppKit NSView layer contents on macOS, with no-op stubs for other native hosts

#examples

• headless_render renders a GUI-style frame through RenderFrame, LayerTree, and MemorySurface, then self-checks graphics-core strategy-aware submit planning/results and PPM fixture bytes without creating a window
• render_bench runs a deterministic CPU render workload covering fill rect, path fill, stroke, glyph raster/mask composition, Pixmap blit, and full present-copy telemetry
• hello_world uses graphics.RenderFrame, LayerTree, frame-level resize/clear/replacement redraw helpers, and softbuffer policy-aware submit requests as a minimal window submit path with resize/redraw lifecycle reuse
• font_demo renders real TTF text through the renderer package
• triangle_window keeps a simple native pixel-output smoke test

#Building & Running

#Prerequisites

• MoonBit - https://www.moonbitlang.com/
• Visual Studio Build Tools - For native compilation on Windows

#Using VS Developer Command Prompt (Recommended)

# 1. Open VS Developer PowerShell
& "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\18\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64

# 2. Then validate the native softbuffer package
moon test softbuffer

@echo off
call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\18\BuildTools\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
moon test softbuffer

#Manual Environment Setup (PowerShell)

$env:PATH = "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\18\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.51.36231\bin\Hostx64\x64;$env:PATH"
$env:INCLUDE = "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\18\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.51.36231\include;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.26100.0\ucrt;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.26100.0\shared;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Include\10.0.26100.0\um"
$env:LIB = "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\18\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.51.36231\lib\x64;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.26100.0\ucrt\x64;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.26100.0\um\x64"

moon test softbuffer

#Commands

# Check all packages
moon check

# Run the local validation gate
scripts/check_ci.sh

# Run deterministic render microbenchmark smoke workload
moon run examples/render_bench

# Run renderer package tests directly
moon test graphics
moon test text
moon test renderer
moon test softbuffer

# Build native GUI examples (current packages are macOS window examples)
moon build examples/hello_world --target native
moon build examples/font_demo --target native
moon build examples/triangle_window --target native

# Run headless rendering smoke test
moon run examples/headless_render

# Manual GUI smoke tests; these open windows and run until closed
moon run examples/hello_world --target native
moon run examples/font_demo --target native
moon run examples/triangle_window --target native

#Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                      Application                            │
│               (examples/font_demo)                          │
└───────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────┘
                            │
        ┌───────────────────┼───────────────────┐
        ▼                   ▼                   ▼
┌───────────────┐   ┌───────────────┐   ┌───────────────┐
│   graphics    │   │     text      │   │  softbuffer   │
│  (渲染图形)    │   │  (解析字体)    │   │  (显示到屏幕)  │
└───────┬───────┘   └───────┬───────┘   └───────────────┘
        │                   │
        └─────────┬─────────┘
                  ▼
          ┌───────────────┐
          │   renderer    │
          │ (组合渲染管线) │
          └───────────────┘

#Project Direction

#License