python
Manipulate Python code in Moonbit
python
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moon add Kaida-Amethyst/python@0.1.7
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README#🐍 Python.mbt
⚠️ Project Status Notice
This project is currently in early development. API changes may occur without backward compatibility. Not recommended for production use. Contributors and testers welcome!
#✨ Key Features
Moonbit-Python is the first CPython-based bridge for Moonbit language, offering:
- Python Ecosystem Integration - Directly interoperate with top Python libraries like Numpy, Matplotlib, and PyTorch
- Type-Safe Interactions - Strongly-typed interfaces ensuring safe object handling
#📦 Environment Setup
#Python Installation
Requires Python 3.9+. Recommended installation methods:
Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install python3.13 python3.13-devmacOS (Homebrew)
brew install python@3.13Windows
- Visit Python Official Download Page
- Download latest 3.x installer
- Enable "Add Python to PATH" during installation
#Environment Verification
# Verify Python version
python3 --version#🔧 Project Configuration
#Add Dependency
Update package index and install core library:
moon update
moon add Kaida-Amethyst/python💡 Note: Current package manager has known issues with native-only libraries. Ignore related error messages. Track official fixes at Moonbitlang
#Build Configuration
Add to your project's moon.pkg.json:
{
"import": [
"Kaida-Amethyst/python"
]
}#🚀 Quick Start
#Example: Using collections.Counter
typealias @python.(PyInteger, PyList, PyTuple)
fn main {
// It's equivalent to `nums = [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]`
let nums = [1L, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]
let py_nums = nums.map(PyInteger::from) |> PyList::from
println(py_nums) // Output: [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]
// It's equivalent to `import collections`
guard @python.pyimport("collections") is Some(collections)
// It's equivalent to `from collections import Counter`
guard collections.get_attr("Counter") is Some(PyCallable(counter))
let args = PyTuple::new(1)
args.. set(0, py_nums)
// It's equivalent to `cnt = Counter(nums)`
guard counter.invoke?(args~) is Ok(Some(cnt))
guard cnt is PyDict(cnt)
// `print(cnt)`
println(cnt) // Output: Counter({4: 4, 3: 3, 1: 2, 2: 2})
}#Running the Example
moon run main --target nativeEquivalent Python implementation:
from collections import Counter
l = [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]
print(Counter(l)) # Counter({4: 4, 3: 3, 1: 2, 2: 2})#🤝 Contributing
We welcome contributions through:
- Issue reporting
- Pull requests
- Ecosystem documentation improvements
📜 License: Apache-2.0 License (See LICENSE file)
#🐍 Python.mbt
⚠️ 项目状态提示
本项目目前处于早期开发阶段，API可能发生不兼容变更，暂不建议用于生产环境。欢迎开发者参与测试和功能建议！
#🌟项目亮点
Moonbit-Python 是首个基于CPython的Moonbit语言桥接工具，具有以下核心优势：
- 无缝调用Python生态 - 直接操作Numpy、Matplotlib、PyTorch等顶级Python库
- 类型安全交互 - 提供强类型接口保障与Python对象的安全交互
#📦 环境准备
#Python安装指南
要求Python 3.9+版本，推荐使用最新稳定版：
Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install python3.13 python3.13-devmacOS (Homebrew)
brew install python@3.13Windows
- 访问Python官方网站
- 下载最新3.x版本安装包
- 安装时勾选 "Add Python to PATH"
#环境验证
# 验证Python版本
python3 --version#🔧 项目配置
#添加依赖
更新包索引并安装核心库：
moon update
moon add Kaida-Amethyst/python💡 注意：当前包管理器对纯Native库的支持存在已知问题，可忽略相关错误提示。官方修复进度请关注Moonbitlang
#构建配置
在项目根目录的 moon.pkg.json 中添加：
{
"import": [
"Kaida-Amethyst/python"
]
}#🚀 快速入门
一个使用python 中Counter的例子
typealias @python.(PyInteger, PyList, PyTuple)
fn main {
// It's equivalent to `nums = [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]`
let nums = [1L, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]
let py_nums = nums.map(PyInteger::from) |> PyList::from
println(py_nums) // Output: [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]
// It's equivalent to `import collections`
guard @python.pyimport("collections") is Some(collections)
// It's equivalent to `from collections import Counter`
guard collections.get_attr("Counter") is Some(PyCallable(counter))
let args = PyTuple::new(1)
args.. set(0, py_nums)
// It's equivalent to `cnt = Counter(nums)`
guard counter.invoke?(args~) is Ok(Some(cnt))
guard cnt is PyDict(cnt)
// `print(cnt)`
println(cnt) // Output: Counter({4: 4, 3: 3, 1: 2, 2: 2})
}#运行示例
moon run main --target native等效Python代码：
from collections import Counter
l = [1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]
print(Counter(l)) # Counter({4: 4, 3: 3, 1: 2, 2: 2})#🤝 参与贡献
我们欢迎任何形式的贡献，包括但不限于：
- 提交Issue报告问题
- 发起Pull Request改进代码
- 编写生态库扩展文档
📜 许可证：Apache-2.0 License（详见LICENSE文件）
#IsPyObject
pub trait IsPyObject {
obj(Self) -> PyObject
obj_ref(Self) -> PyObjectRef
type_name(Self) -> String
}#PyRuntimeError
pub suberror PyRuntimeError {
TypeMismatchError
IndexOutOfBoundsError
KeyIsUnHashableError
InVokeError
}impl Show for PyRuntimeError
automatically derived
#PyBool
pub struct PyBool {
// private fields
}impl IsPyObject for PyBool#PyBool::create
Create a python boolean object from a python object.
If the object is not a boolean, it will raise a TypeMismatchError.
#PyBool::create_by_ref
Create a python boolean object from a python object reference.
If the object is not a boolean, it will raise a TypeMismatchError.
#PyBool::from
Create a python boolean object from moonbit bool.
Example
let t = PyBool::from(true);
inspect(t, content="True")The above code is equivalent to:
t = True
print(t) # Output: True#PyBool::is_false
Return true if it is false, using python interpreter.
Example
let t = PyBool::from(true);
let f = PyBool::from(false);
assert_false(t.is_false());
assert_true(f.is_false());#PyBool::is_true
Return true if it is true, using python interpreter.
Example
let t = PyBool::from(true);
let f = PyBool::from(false);
assert_true(t.is_true());
assert_false(f.is_true());#PyBool::not
Return the reverse of the boolean value.
Example
let t = PyBool::from(true);
let f = t.not();
assert_true(f.is_false());#PyCallable
pub struct PyCallable {
// private fields
}impl IsPyObject for PyCallableimpl Show for PyCallable#PyCallable::create
Create a python callable object from a PyObject.
If the object is not callable, a TypeMismatchError is raised.
#PyCallable::create_by_ref
Create a python callable object from a PyObjectRef.
If the object is not callable, a TypeMismatchError is raised.
#PyCallable::invoke
fn PyCallable::invoke(self : PyCallable, args? : PyTuple, kwargs? : PyDict, print_err? : Bool) -> PyObjectEnum? raise PyRuntimeError#PyDict
pub struct PyDict {
// private fields
}impl IsPyObject for PyDict#PyDict::contains
Check if the dict contains the key. Note that the key is a string.
If the key is not string, use containsObj instead.
#PyDict::containsObj
Check if the dict contains the key.
#PyDict::create
Create a python dict object.
If the python object is not a dict, it will raise a TypeMismatchError.
#PyDict::create_by_ref
Create a python dict object from a python object reference.
If the python object is not a dict, it will raise a TypeMismatchError.
#PyDict::dump
Let python interpret print the dict directly.
Note: This is different from println(dict) and dict.dump().
although they always print the same content.
#PyDict::get
Return the elements of the dict by its key.
Example
let dict = PyDict::new()
dict
..set("one", PyInteger::from(1))
..set("two", PyFloat::from(2.0))
..set("three", PyBool::from(true));
inspect(dict.get("one").unwrap(), content="PyInteger(1)")
inspect(dict.get("two"), content="Some(PyFloat(2.0))")
inspect(dict.get("four"), content="None")#PyDict::getByObj
Return the elements of the dict by its key, when the key is not string.
#PyDict::items
Get the items of the dict.
Notes: It is slight different from the python dict.items() method.
In python, dict.items() returns a view object that displays a list of all the items.
While here in moonbit, items() returns a list of all the items.
Example
let dict = PyDict::new()
dict
..set("one", PyInteger::from(1))
..set("two", PyFloat::from(2.0))
..set("three", PyBool::from(true));
inspect(dict.items(), content="[('one', 1), ('two', 2.0), ('three', True)]")#PyDict::keys
Get the keys of the dict.
Notes: It is slight different from the python dict.keys() method.
In python, dict.keys() returns a view object that displays a list of all the keys.
While here in moonbit, keys() returns a list of all the keys.
Example
let dict = PyDict::new()
dict
..set("one", PyInteger::from(1))
..set("two", PyFloat::from(2.0))
..set("three", PyBool::from(true));
inspect(dict.keys(), content="[\'one\', \'two\', \'three\']")The above code is equivalent to:
d = { 'one': 1, 'two': 2.0, 'three': True }
dict_keys = d.keys()
print(dict_keys) # Output: dict_keys(['one', 'two', 'three'])#PyDict::len
Return the length of the dict.
Example
let dict = PyDict::new()
dict
..set("one", PyInteger::from(1))
..set("two", PyFloat::from(2.0))
..set("three", PyString::from("three"));
assert_eq(dict.len(), 3);#PyDict::new
Creates a new python dict object.
Example
let dict = PyDict::new()
dict
..set("one", PyInteger::from(1))
..set("two", PyFloat::from(2.0))
..set("three", PyBool::from(true));
inspect(dict, content="{\'one\': 1, \'two\': 2.0, \'three\': True}")The above code is equivalent to:
d = { 'one': 1, 'two': 2.0, 'three': True }
print(d) # Output: {'one': 1, 'two': 2.0, 'three': True}#PyDict::op_get
Return the elements of the dict by its key.
Note: Will panic if the key is not found.
Example
let dict = PyDict::new()
dict
..set("one", PyInteger::from(1))
..set("two", PyFloat::from(2.0))
..set("three", PyBool::from(true));
inspect(dict["one"], content="PyInteger(1)")
inspect(dict["two"], content="PyFloat(2.0)")
inspect(dict["three"], content="PyBool(True)")#PyDict::op_set
Set the elements of the dict by its key (String).
Example
let dict = PyDict::new()
dict["one"] = PyInteger::from(1);
dict["two"] = PyFloat::from(2.0);
dict["three"] = PyBool::from(true);
inspect(dict, content="{\'one\': 1, \'two\': 2.0, \'three\': True}")The above code is equivalent to:
d = dict()
d['one'] = 1
d['two'] = 2.0
d['three'] = True#PyDict::set
Set the elements of the dict by its key (String).
Example
let dict = PyDict::new()
dict
..set("one", PyInteger::from(1))
..set("two", PyFloat::from(2.0))
..set("three", PyBool::from(true));
inspect(dict, content="{\'one\': 1, \'two\': 2.0, \'three\': True}")The above code is equivalent to:
d = dict()
d['one'] = 1
d['two'] = 2.0
d['three'] = True#PyDict::setByObj
fn[K : IsPyObject, V : IsPyObject] PyDict::setByObj(self : PyDict, key : K, val : V) -> Unit raise PyRuntimeErrorSet the elements of the dict by its key. (Object)
Example
let dict = PyDict::new()
dict
..setByObj(PyInteger::from(1), PyInteger::from(1))
..setByObj(PyInteger::from(2), PyInteger::from(4))
..setByObj(PyInteger::from(3), PyInteger::from(9))
inspect(dict, content="{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9}")The above code is equivalent to:
d = dict()
d[1] = 1
d[2] = 4
d[3] = 9
print(d) # Output: {1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9}#PyDict::values
Get the values of the dict.
Notes: It is slight different from the python dict.values() method.
In python, dict.values() returns a view object that displays a list of all the values.
While here in moonbit, values() returns a list of all the values.
Example
let dict = PyDict::new()
dict
..set("one", PyInteger::from(1))
..set("two", PyFloat::from(2.0))
..set("three", PyBool::from(true));
inspect(dict.values(), content="[1, 2.0, True]")The above code is equivalent to:
d = { 'one': 1, 'two': 2.0, 'three': True }
dict_values = d.values()
print(dict_values) # Output: dict_values([1, 2.0, True])#PyFloat
pub struct PyFloat {
// private fields
}impl IsPyObject for PyFloat#PyFloat::create
Create a python float object from a python object.
If the python object is not a float, it will raise a TypeMismatchError.
#PyFloat::create_by_ref
Ceate a python float object from a python object reference.
If the python object is not a float, it will raise a TypeMismatchError.
#PyFloat::dump
Print the PyFloat object direcly.
Different from use println, dump means we made python interpreter
print the object directly.
#PyFloat::from
Create a PyFloat from a Double value.
Example
let f = @python.PyFloat::from(3.5);
inspect(f, content="3.5")#PyInteger
pub struct PyInteger {
// private fields
}impl IsPyObject for PyInteger#PyInteger::create
Create a python integer object from a python object.
If
#PyInteger::create_by_ref
#PyInteger::dump
Print the PyInteger object direcly.
Different from use println, dump means we made python interpreter
print the object directly.
#PyInteger::from
Create a PyInteger from an integer.
Example
let i = @python.PyInteger::from(42);
inspect(i, content="42")#PyInteger::to_double
Convert a PyInteger to a double.
Example
let i = @python.PyInteger::from(42);
assert_eq(i.to_double(), 42.0);#PyList
pub struct PyList {
// private fields
}impl IsPyObject for PyList#PyList::append
Append an item to the end of the list.
Example
let list = @python.PyList::new();
list.append(@python.PyInteger::from(1));
list.append(@python.PyFloat::from(2.0));
list.append(@python.PyString::from("hello"));
inspect(list, content="[1, 2.0, \'hello\']")The above code is equivalent to the following Python code:
list = []
list.append(1)
list.append(2.0)
list.append("hello")
print(list) # Output: [1, 2.0, 'hello']#PyList::create
Create a python list object from a pyobject.
If the pyobject is not a list, it will raise a TypeMismatchError.
#PyList::create_by_ref
Create a python list object from a pyobject reference.
If the pyobject is not a list, it will raise a TypeMismatchError.
#PyList::dump
Let python interpreter print the list directly.
Note: It is different from println(list) and list.dump()
although they always print the same content.
#PyList::from
Create a new python list from a python object array
Example
let arr: Array[&IsPyObject] = Array::new()
let one = PyInteger::from(1);
let two = PyFloat::from(2.0);
let three = PyString::from("three");
arr.push(one)
arr.push(two)
arr.push(three)
let list = PyList::from(arr);
inspect(list, content="[1, 2.0, \'three\']")#PyList::get
Get the item at the specified index.
Notes: Although python support negative index, the moonbit api does not
support it. Code like list.get(-1) will return None.
Example
let list = @python.PyList::new();
list.append(@python.PyInteger::from(1));
list.append(@python.PyFloat::from(2.0));
list.append(@python.PyString::from("hello"));
inspect(list.get(0).unwrap(), content="PyInteger(1)")
inspect(list.get(1), content="Some(PyFloat(2.0))")
inspect(list.get(3), content="None")
inspect(list.get(-1), content="None")#PyList::len
Returns the length of the list.
Example
let list = @python.PyList::new();
list.append(@python.PyInteger::from(1));
list.append(@python.PyFloat::from(2.0));
list.append(@python.PyString::from("hello"));
assert_eq(list.len(), 3);The above code is equivalent to the following Python code:
list = []
list.append(1)
list.append(2.0)
list.append("hello")
print(len(list)) # Output: 3#PyList::new
Create an empty python list.
Example
let list = @python.PyList::new();
inspect(list, content="[]")
assert_eq(list.len(), 0);#PyList::op_get
Get the item at the specified index.
Notes: Although python support negative index, the moonbit api does not
support it. which means code like list[-1] will be panic.
Example
let list = @python.PyList::new();
list.append(@python.PyInteger::from(1));
list.append(@python.PyFloat::from(2.0));
list.append(@python.PyString::from("hello"));
inspect(list[0], content="PyInteger(1)")
inspect(list[1], content="PyFloat(2.0)")
inspect(list[2], content="PyString(hello)")#PyList::op_set
Set the item at the specified index.
Notes: Although python support negative index, the moonbit api does not
support it. which means code like list[-1] = ... will be panic.
Example
let list = @python.PyList::new();
list.append(@python.PyInteger::from(1));
list.append(@python.PyFloat::from(2.0));
list.append(@python.PyString::from("hello"));
inspect(list, content="[1, 2.0, \'hello\']")
list[0] = @python.PyInteger::from(42);
inspect(list, content="[42, 2.0, \'hello\']")#PyList::set
Set the item at the specified index.
Notes: Although python support negative index, the moonbit api does not
support it. which means code like list.set(-1) = ... will raise IndexOutOfBoundsError.
Example
let list = @python.PyList::new();
list.append(@python.PyInteger::from(1));
list.append(@python.PyFloat::from(2.0));
list.append(@python.PyString::from("hello"));
inspect(list, content="[1, 2.0, \'hello\']")
list.set(0, @python.PyInteger::from(42));
inspect(list, content="[42, 2.0, \'hello\']")#PyModule
pub struct PyModule {
// private fields
}impl IsPyObject for PyModule#PyModule::create_by_ref
#PyModule::get_attr
Get attribute by name.
Example
let collections = pyimport("collections").unwrap()
guard collections.get_attr("Counter").unwrap() is PyCallable(counter)
let list = [1L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L].map(PyInteger::from) |> PyList::from
let args = PyTuple::new(1)
args .. set(0, list)
guard counter.invoke(args~) is Some(PyDict(cnt))
inspect(cnt, content="Counter({3: 3, 2: 2, 1: 1})")
guard cnt.obj().get_attr("total") is Some(PyCallable(total))
inspect(total.invoke().unwrap(), content="PyInteger(6)")// The above code is equivalent to the following python code:
import collections
from collections import Counter
list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]
cnt = Counter(list)
print(cnt) # Counter({3: 3, 2: 2, 1: 1})
total = cnt.total()
print(total) # 6#PyString
pub struct PyString {
// private fields
}impl IsPyObject for PyString#PyString::create
Create a python string from a python object.
If the python object is not a string, it will raise a TypeMismatchError.
#PyString::create_by_ref
Create a python string from a python object reference.
If the python object is not a string, it will raise a TypeMismatchError.
#PyString::dump
Print the PyString object direcly.
Different from use println, dump means we made python interpreter
print the object directly.
#PyTuple
pub struct PyTuple {
// private fields
}impl IsPyObject for PyTuple#PyTuple::create
Create a PyTuple object from a python object.
If the python object is not a tuple, it will raise a TypeMismatchError.
#PyTuple::create_by_ref
Create a PyTuple object from a python object reference.
If the python object is not a tuple, it will raise a TypeMismatchError.
#PyTuple::get
Get the item at the given index.
Notes: Although python supports negative index, in moonbit, we don't have plan to
support it. Code like tuple.get(-1) will return None.
Example:
let tuple = PyTuple::new(3)
tuple
..set(0, PyInteger::from(1))
..set(1, PyFloat::from(2.0))
..set(2, PyString::from("three"));
inspect(tuple, content="(1, 2.0, \'three\')")
inspect(tuple.get(0).unwrap(), content="PyInteger(1)")
inspect(tuple.get(1).unwrap(), content="PyFloat(2.0)")
inspect(tuple.get(2).unwrap(), content="PyString(three)")
inspect(tuple.get(3), content="None")The above code is equivalent the following python code:
tuple = (1, 2.0, "three")
print(tuple) # Output: (1, 2.0, 'three')
print(tuple[0]) # Output: 1
print(tuple[1]) # Output: 2.0
print(tuple[2]) # Output: three#PyTuple::len
Return the size of the tuple.
Example:
let tuple = PyTuple::new(3)
assert_eq(tuple.len(), 3);#PyTuple::new
Create a PyTuple object.
Notes: Tuple type must know the size of the tuple.
Example:
let tuple = PyTuple::new(3)
tuple
..set(0, PyInteger::from(1))
..set(1, PyFloat::from(2.0))
..set(2, PyString::from("three"));
inspect(tuple, content="(1, 2.0, \'three\')")#PyTuple::op_get
Get the item at the given index.
Notes: Although python supports negative index, in moonbit, we don't have plan to
support it. Code like tuple[-1] will return None.
Example:
let tuple = PyTuple::new(3)
tuple
..set(0, PyInteger::from(1))
..set(1, PyFloat::from(2.0))
..set(2, PyString::from("three"));
inspect(tuple[0], content="PyInteger(1)")
inspect(tuple[1], content="PyFloat(2.0)")
inspect(tuple[2], content="PyString(three)")#PyTuple::op_set
Set the item at the given index.
Notes: Although python supports negative index, in moonbit, we don't have plan to
support it. Code like tuple[-1] = item will raise IndexOutOfBoundError.
Example:
let tuple = PyTuple::new(3)
tuple
..set(0, PyInteger::from(1))
..set(1, PyFloat::from(2.0))
..set(2, PyString::from("three"));
inspect(tuple, content="(1, 2.0, \'three\')")#PyTuple::set
Set the item at the given index.
Notes: Although python supports negative index, in moonbit, we don't have plan to
support it. Code like tuple.set(-1, item) will raise IndexOutOfBoundError.
Example:
let tuple = PyTuple::new(3)
tuple
..set(0, PyInteger::from(1))
..set(1, PyFloat::from(2.0))
..set(2, PyString::from("three"));
inspect(tuple, content="(1, 2.0, \'three\')")#PyType
pub enum PyType {
PyInteger
PyFloat
PyBool
PyString
PyTuple
PyList
PyDict
PyModule
PyCallable
PyClass
}#pyimport
Import a python module
Example
let os = @python.pyimport("os")
assert_true(os is Some(_))#strip_quot
fn strip_quot(s : String) -> Stringelimnate the quotes from a string
Example
let s = "\'os\'"
inspect(@python.strip_quot(s), content="os")Manipulate Python code in Moonbit
pythonNative-Only
0.1.7
Apache-2.0
Updated 9 months ago
5K downloads