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vcode

Target-independent native lowering, VCode, and code-object infrastructure

compiler
vcode
register-allocation
codegen
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#vcode

Milky2018/vcode provides the target-independent infrastructure shared by Wasmoon's native backends. It defines the semantic vocabulary at the native compiler boundary, a streaming instruction-selection protocol, dense storage for target-owned VCode, allocation side tables and verifiers, parallel-move planning, and verified unlinked code objects.

The module is intended for compiler backends and embedding runtimes. It is not a source-language IR, an optimizer, a register allocator, or an executable-code loader. MilkIR owns target-independent program structure and optimization; Milky2018/regalloc owns allocation policy; each target owns its instructions, ABI, frame layout, and encoding; the embedding product owns symbol resolution, executable memory, and runtime registration.

#Packages

PackageResponsibility
Milky2018/vcode/native_typesCanonical native value types, signatures, calls, symbols, operation effects, traps, safepoints, source locations, and stack-map metadata.
Milky2018/vcode/native_loweringStreaming producer-to-target protocol, target-neutral operations, transient value and block handles, and call-ABI elaboration.
Milky2018/vcode/allocation_typesMinimal register-allocation vocabulary shared by VCode, the allocator, and their adapter: register classes, physical and virtual registers, operand roles and timing, constraints, and compact locations.
Milky2018/vcodeDense target VCode, checked construction, allocation and frame side tables, staged verification, call-transfer planning, and parallel-move resolution.
Milky2018/vcode/code_objectVerified machine-code bytes with typed relocations, source and trap sites, safepoints and roots, and target-neutral unwind directives.

These packages are separate ownership seams inside one module, not successive copies of the same IR. In particular, native_lowering does not depend on the VCode package and does not retain a function graph. A target implements a TargetSink that translates each streamed operation directly into its own instruction type stored by vcode.

#Compiler flow

MilkIR and dialect adapters
          |
          | native_lowering.Operation, one operation at a time
          v
target TargetSink --> target-owned Inst in vcode.Function[Inst]
                                      |
                                      | verify_selected
                                      v
                      regalloc + vcode allocation side tables
                                      |
                                      | verify_allocated
                                      v
                              target frame layout
                                      |
                                      | verify_framed / verify_emission_input
                                      v
                              target machine-code emitter
                                      |
                                      v
                         code_object.UnlinkedCodeObject
                                      |
                                      v
                       embedding-owned linker and code loader

native_types supplies the common vocabulary on both sides of the lowering seam. allocation_types supplies identities that must be shared exactly by VCode and Milky2018/regalloc; targets should not introduce parallel register class, operand-role, or allocation-location types.

#Constructing target VCode

The instruction payload is generic. A target defines an instruction type, then uses CheckedBuilder[Inst] to attach operands, constraints, clobbers, CFG edges, and metadata. Handles are function-owned, so values, blocks, and instructions from different functions cannot be mixed accidentally.

///|
priv enum ExampleInst {
  AddOne
  Return
} derive(Debug)

///|
test "construct and verify target VCode" {
  let builder : CheckedBuilder[ExampleInst] = CheckedBuilder::new_with_results(
    "add_one",
    [I64],
    [I64],
  )
  let entry = builder.entry_block()
  let input = builder.parameter(0)
  let (_, results) = builder.append_body(
    entry,
    AddOne,
    [Input::any(input)],
    [Output::any(I64)],
    [],
    InstructionMetadata::empty(),
  )
  builder.set_terminator(
    entry,
    Return,
    [Input::any(results[0])],
    [],
    [],
    InstructionMetadata::empty(),
  )
  |> ignore

  let function = builder.finish()
  verify_selected(function)
  inspect(function.parameter_count(), content="1")
  inspect(function.instruction_count(), content="2")
  inspect(function.summary().contains("AddOne"), content="true")
}

CheckedBuilder is the normal production construction API: it rejects invalid operands and edges before mutation and checks local completeness when it is sealed. It does not replace verify_selected, which checks whole-function CFG and SSA properties. The lower-level Builder is useful for negative tests and tooling that deliberately needs to construct an invalid intermediate state.

An Input or Output describes a correctness constraint independently from a placement preference. Fixed and TiedTo are hard constraints. A preferred physical register is only a hint and must not make an otherwise legal allocation fail. Early and Late operand timing lets the allocator model when an instruction stops using an input and starts defining an output.

#Streaming native lowering

Milky2018/vcode/native_lowering is the boundary between a legalized MilkIR producer and a native target. DirectBuilder exposes typed, transient Value and Block handles to the producer and forwards operations to a TargetSink. It retains only the bookkeeping needed to track types, map transient handles to target ids, delay one terminator, and elaborate configured call ABI details. It does not retain instructions, uses, SSA definitions, or CFG edges.

The protocol defines operation semantics, while the producer owns source-level legalization. The target owns instruction selection, target immediates, calling-convention decisions, physical-register policy, and target VCode verification. Call-ABI elaboration may add hidden stack-map arguments or caller root scopes, but only when an embedding explicitly supplies the corresponding contract.

Use Milky2018/milkir/native to stream core MilkIR and Milky2018/wasm_milkir/native for the WebAssembly dialect. Target users normally create an AArch64 or x64 lowering session instead of constructing a TargetSink directly.

#Allocation and move planning

Function[Inst] is the authoritative selected machine graph. Allocation is stored separately in Allocation, so register assignment, spills, reloads, edge transfers, safepoint roots, and frame placement do not rewrite or clone the instruction graph. Milky2018/vcode_regalloc exposes the function through the allocator's read-only view and materializes its returned plan into these side tables.

Parallel assignments are planned with a dedicated transfer scratch for each register bank. When a cycle and a stack-to-stack transfer cannot be resolved safely with that scratch, the planner emits explicit emergency save and restore steps. The target owns the physical emergency area and must verify that its frame reserves it whenever the resolved plan requires it.

The verification functions represent lifecycle boundaries:

  • verify_selected checks CFG shape, SSA dominance, operands, clobbers, metadata, and layout before allocation.
  • verify_allocated checks homes, operand locations, edits, interference, clobbers, and safepoint roots after allocation.
  • verify_framed adds spill-slot placement, alignment, overlap, and frame-size checks.
  • verify_emission_input is the final target-independent gate immediately before encoding.

Verification validates the current snapshot; it does not permanently mark a mutable function or side table as verified. Run the appropriate verifier again after any later mutation.

#Unlinked code objects

Milky2018/vcode/code_object.build is the final reusable boundary between a target emitter and an embedding runtime. It copies the machine-code bytes and metadata, validates them, and returns an UnlinkedCodeObject only when all architecture, alignment, bounds, relocation, instruction-encoding, stack-map, root-location, and unwind-state contracts hold.

///|
let object = @code_object.build(@code_object.X64, [b'\xc3'])

Relocations remain symbolic. The package does not resolve runtime symbols, apply relocations, allocate executable memory, encode platform unwind formats, or register unwind data with the host. Those responsibilities belong to the embedding runtime. An unwind directive's offset is the code offset immediately after the prologue instruction that establishes the described state; saved register locations are relative to the canonical frame address.

#Integration guidance

  • Import the narrowest package that owns the contract you need. A frontend usually needs native_types and native_lowering; a target also needs the root package and code_object; a loader normally needs only native_types and code_object.
  • Keep target-specific instruction variants and ABI policy in the target module. The generic packages should never depend on AArch64, x64, or Wasmoon runtime layouts.
  • Keep runtime symbol resolution and executable-code installation outside this module. Code objects are ordinary verified data until an embedding installs them.
  • Treat verification errors as compiler contract failures with structured diagnostics. Do not bypass a failed stage to continue emission.

AllocationConstraint

source

A normalized register-allocation constraint.

Operand ties are represented separately by a shared nonnegative tie label, so this type contains only location constraints.

AllocationLocation

source

A packed allocation result location within one allocation session.

Spill indices are session-local and must be translated at ownership boundaries before they are exposed as product-facing stack-slot handles.

AllocationOperand

source

The canonical allocation facts for one instruction operand.

AllocationVirtualReg

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using @Milky2018/vcode/allocation_types { type VirtualReg as AllocationVirtualReg }

A dense virtual-register identity within one allocation session.

OperandRole

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Whether an allocation operand reads, writes, or both reads and writes its virtual register.

SSA VCode producers use Use and Def. UseDef remains available to standalone register-allocation clients that model in-place updates.

OperandTiming

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The point within an instruction where an allocation operand is read or written.

PhysicalReg

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A target physical register identified within one register class.

RegClass

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Target-neutral register-class identity shared by VCode and register allocation.

FpVector preserves targets whose scalar floating-point and vector values occupy one physical register bank. Float and Vector remain available to standalone allocator embeddings that model distinct banks.

SafepointKind

source

ValueType

source

Exact target-neutral value types shared by native lowering and target VCode.

Ptr64 is an untraced address or opaque handle. GcRef64 is a nullable managed reference and must be reported as a root at GC safepoints.

AllocationVerifyError

source
pub suberror AllocationVerifyError {
  SelectedFailure(cause~ : VCodeVerifyError)
  SourceMismatch
  MissingValueLocation(value~ : Value)
  ForeignLocation(value~ : Value)
  LocationClassMismatch(value~ : Value)
  MissingOperandLocation(instruction~ : Instruction, operand~ : Int)
  OperandClassMismatch(instruction~ : Instruction, operand~ : Int)
  RegisterConstraintViolation(instruction~ : Instruction, operand~ : Int)
  FixedConstraintViolation(instruction~ : Instruction, operand~ : Int)
  PreservedHomeConstraintViolation(instruction~ : Instruction, operand~ : Int)
  TiedConstraintViolation(instruction~ : Instruction, operand~ : Int)
  Interference(left~ : Value, right~ : Value, location~ : Location)
  ClobberViolation(instruction~ : Instruction, value~ : Value)
  InvalidStackSlotLayout(slot~ : StackSlot)
  InvalidEdit(index~ : Int)
  MissingReload(instruction~ : Instruction, operand~ : Int)
  InvalidEdgeMove(index~ : Int)
  MissingSafepointRoot(instruction~ : Instruction, value~ : Value)
  UnexpectedSafepointRoot(instruction~ : Instruction, value~ : Value)
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

AllocationVerifyError::equal

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AllocationVerifyError::not_equal

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AllocationVerifyError::output

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fn AllocationVerifyError::output(self : AllocationVerifyError, logger : &Logger) -> Unit

AllocationVerifyError::to_repr

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AllocationVerifyError::to_string

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fn AllocationVerifyError::to_string(self : AllocationVerifyError) -> String

CallTransferError

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pub suberror CallTransferError {
  InvalidSourceClass(index~ : Int)
  ForeignSourceStack(index~ : Int)
  InvalidSourceStackType(index~ : Int, expected~ : 
ValueType, actual~ : 
ValueType)
  InvalidSourceStackLayout(index~ : Int)
  InvalidDestinationClass(index~ : Int)
  InvalidStackOffset(index~ : Int, offset~ : Int)
  InvalidOutgoingStackRange(start~ : Int, size~ : Int)
  OutgoingStackDestinationOutOfRange(index~ : Int, offset~ : Int)
  DuplicateRegisterDestination(index~ : Int, register~ : 
PhysicalReg)
  OverlappingStackDestination(first~ : Int, second~ : Int)
  ProtectedLocationOverwrite(index~ : Int, location~ : Location)
  MoveResolutionFailed(cause~ : MoveResolveError)
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

CallTransferError::equal

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CallTransferError::not_equal

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fn CallTransferError::not_equal(x : CallTransferError, y : CallTransferError) -> Bool

CallTransferError::to_repr

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EmissionVerifyError

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pub suberror EmissionVerifyError {
  FrameFailure(cause~ : FrameVerifyError)
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

EmissionVerifyError::equal

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EmissionVerifyError::not_equal

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EmissionVerifyError::output

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fn EmissionVerifyError::output(self : EmissionVerifyError, logger : &Logger) -> Unit

EmissionVerifyError::to_repr

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EmissionVerifyError::to_string

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fn EmissionVerifyError::to_string(self : EmissionVerifyError) -> String

FrameVerifyError

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pub suberror FrameVerifyError {
  AllocationFailure(cause~ : AllocationVerifyError)
  SourceMismatch
  InvalidFrameSize(size~ : Int)
  InvalidFrameAlignment(alignment~ : Int)
  MissingStackSlot(slot~ : StackSlot)
  MisalignedStackSlot(slot~ : StackSlot)
  OverlappingStackSlots(left~ : StackSlot, right~ : StackSlot)
  StackSlotOutOfFrame(slot~ : StackSlot)
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

FrameVerifyError::equal

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FrameVerifyError::not_equal

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fn FrameVerifyError::not_equal(x : FrameVerifyError, y : FrameVerifyError) -> Bool

FrameVerifyError::output

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fn FrameVerifyError::output(self : FrameVerifyError, logger : &Logger) -> Unit

FrameVerifyError::to_repr

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FrameVerifyError::to_string

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fn FrameVerifyError::to_string(self : FrameVerifyError) -> String

MoveResolveError

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MoveResolveError::equal

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MoveResolveError::not_equal

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fn MoveResolveError::not_equal(x : MoveResolveError, y : MoveResolveError) -> Bool

MoveResolveError::output

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fn MoveResolveError::output(self : MoveResolveError, logger : &Logger) -> Unit

MoveResolveError::to_repr

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MoveResolveError::to_string

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fn MoveResolveError::to_string(self : MoveResolveError) -> String

VCodeBuildError

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pub suberror VCodeBuildError {
  InvalidParameter(index~ : Int)
  InvalidBlockParameter(block~ : Block, index~ : Int)
  ForeignBlock(block~ : Block)
  ForeignValue(value~ : Value)
  InvalidOperandConstraint
  DuplicateTerminator(block~ : Block)
  BlockAlreadyTerminated(block~ : Block)
  InvalidEdgeArity(block~ : Block)
  EdgeClassMismatch(block~ : Block, index~ : Int)
  DuplicateClobber(reg~ : 
PhysicalReg)
  InvalidSafepointRoot(value~ : Value)
  InvalidStackMap
  MissingTerminator(block~ : Block)
  InvalidLayout
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

VCodeBuildError::equal

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VCodeBuildError::not_equal

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fn VCodeBuildError::not_equal(x : VCodeBuildError, y : VCodeBuildError) -> Bool

VCodeBuildError::output

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fn VCodeBuildError::output(self : VCodeBuildError, logger : &Logger) -> Unit

VCodeBuildError::to_repr

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VCodeBuildError::to_string

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fn VCodeBuildError::to_string(self : VCodeBuildError) -> String

VCodeVerifyError

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pub suberror VCodeVerifyError {
  EmptyFunction
  MissingTerminator(block~ : Block)
  ForeignValue(instruction~ : Instruction, value~ : Value)
  ForeignBlock(instruction~ : Instruction, block~ : Block)
  InvalidEdgeArity(instruction~ : Instruction, block~ : Block)
  EdgeClassMismatch(instruction~ : Instruction, block~ : Block, index~ : Int)
  InvalidTie(instruction~ : Instruction, operand~ : Int, tied_to~ : Int)
  FixedRegisterClassMismatch(instruction~ : Instruction, operand~ : Int)
  InvalidOperandPreference(instruction~ : Instruction, operand~ : Int)
  DuplicateClobber(instruction~ : Instruction, reg~ : 
PhysicalReg)
  InvalidSafepointRoot(instruction~ : Instruction, value~ : Value)
  InvalidStackMap(instruction~ : Instruction)
  UnreachableBlock(block~ : Block)
  UseBeforeDefinition(instruction~ : Instruction, value~ : Value)
  DefinitionDoesNotDominate(instruction~ : Instruction, value~ : Value)
  InvalidLayout
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

VCodeVerifyError::equal

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VCodeVerifyError::not_equal

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fn VCodeVerifyError::not_equal(x : VCodeVerifyError, y : VCodeVerifyError) -> Bool

VCodeVerifyError::output

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fn VCodeVerifyError::output(self : VCodeVerifyError, logger : &Logger) -> Unit

VCodeVerifyError::to_repr

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VCodeVerifyError::to_string

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fn VCodeVerifyError::to_string(self : VCodeVerifyError) -> String

Allocation

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pub struct Allocation {
  // private fields
}

Allocation::add_edit

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fn Allocation::add_edit(self : Allocation, edit : Edit) -> Bool

Allocation::add_safepoint_root

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fn Allocation::add_safepoint_root(self : Allocation, instruction : Instruction, value : Value, location : Location) -> Bool

Allocation::allocated_operand_location_at

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fn Allocation::allocated_operand_location_at(self : Allocation, instruction : Int, operand : Int) -> 
AllocationLocation?

Return a canonical allocation location by dense instruction and operand indices. Spill indices belong to this allocation.

Allocation::allocated_value_location_at

source

Return a canonical allocation location by dense value index.

Spill indices belong to this allocation and must not be used as public stack-slot handles. Compiler infrastructure that needs such a handle must call stack_slot_at on the same allocation.

Allocation::assign_operand

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fn Allocation::assign_operand(self : Allocation, instruction : Instruction, operand_index : Int, reg : 
PhysicalReg) -> Bool

Allocation::assign_operand_location

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fn Allocation::assign_operand_location(self : Allocation, instruction : Instruction, operand_index : Int, location : Location) -> Bool

Allocation::assign_value

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fn Allocation::assign_value(self : Allocation, value : Value, location : Location) -> Bool

Allocation::create_stack_slot

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fn Allocation::create_stack_slot(self : Allocation, ty : 
ValueType, size : Int, alignment : Int) -> StackSlot

Allocation::edge_edits_at

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fn Allocation::edge_edits_at(self : Allocation, source : Block, successor_index : Int) -> ArrayView[Edit]

Returns the allocation edits scheduled for one outgoing CFG edge.

The returned view is read-only and remains valid while this allocation is not mutated. Target emitters should query this index instead of scanning edits() for every edge.

Allocation::edit_count

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fn Allocation::edit_count(self : Allocation) -> Int

Allocation::edits

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fn Allocation::edits(self : Allocation) -> Array[Edit]

Allocation::edits_at

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fn Allocation::edits_at(self : Allocation, instruction : Instruction, placement : PointPlacement) -> ArrayView[Edit]

Returns the allocation edits scheduled at one instruction point.

The returned view is read-only and remains valid while this allocation is not mutated. Target emitters should query this index instead of scanning edits() for every instruction.

Allocation::for_function

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fn[Inst] Allocation::for_function(function : Function[Inst]) -> Allocation

Allocation::operand_location

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fn Allocation::operand_location(self : Allocation, instruction : Instruction, operand_index : Int) -> Location?

Allocation::safepoint_roots

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fn Allocation::safepoint_roots(self : Allocation, instruction : Instruction) -> Array[(Value, Location)]

Allocation::source_instruction_count

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fn Allocation::source_instruction_count(self : Allocation) -> Int

Allocation::stack_slot_alignment

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fn Allocation::stack_slot_alignment(self : Allocation, slot : StackSlot) -> Int?

Allocation::stack_slot_at

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fn Allocation::stack_slot_at(self : Allocation, index : Int) -> StackSlot?

Allocation::stack_slot_count

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fn Allocation::stack_slot_count(self : Allocation) -> Int

Allocation::stack_slot_size

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fn Allocation::stack_slot_size(self : Allocation, slot : StackSlot) -> Int?

Allocation::stack_slot_type

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Allocation::statistics

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fn Allocation::statistics(self : Allocation) -> AllocationStatistics

Allocation::summary

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fn Allocation::summary(self : Allocation) -> String

Allocation::value_location

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fn Allocation::value_location(self : Allocation, value : Value) -> Location?

Return the value's default transfer home.

A verified segmented allocation may keep the newest value in an instruction- or edge-specific location until an edit returns it here.

AllocationBuilder

source
pub struct AllocationBuilder[Inst] {
  // private fields
}

Dense-index writer used after a verified register-allocation plan has been produced for this exact function.

The writer avoids reconstructing and revalidating owner-tagged handles for every value, operand, and edit. Indices must come from the matching function and stay within its published counts. Final allocation invariants remain the authoritative validation boundary.

AllocationBuilder::add_edge_transfer

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fn[Inst] AllocationBuilder::add_edge_transfer(self : AllocationBuilder[Inst], source_block : Int, successor : Int, value : Int, from : 
AllocationLocation, to : 
AllocationLocation) -> Bool

AllocationBuilder::add_function_safepoint_roots

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fn[Inst] AllocationBuilder::add_function_safepoint_roots(self : AllocationBuilder[Inst]) -> Bool

Adds every selected VCode safepoint root through dense internal ids.

Selected-function validation already established metadata ownership and root types; this method retains allocation-location checks without copying layouts, instruction metadata, or owner-tagged root snapshots.

AllocationBuilder::add_safepoint_root

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fn[Inst] AllocationBuilder::add_safepoint_root(self : AllocationBuilder[Inst], instruction : Int, value : Int) -> Bool

AllocationBuilder::add_transfer

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AllocationBuilder::assign_operand

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fn[Inst] AllocationBuilder::assign_operand(self : AllocationBuilder[Inst], instruction : Int, operand : Int, location : 
AllocationLocation) -> Bool

AllocationBuilder::assign_value

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fn[Inst] AllocationBuilder::assign_value(self : AllocationBuilder[Inst], value : Int, location : 
AllocationLocation) -> Bool

AllocationBuilder::create_stack_slot

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fn[Inst] AllocationBuilder::create_stack_slot(self : AllocationBuilder[Inst], value : Int, size : Int, alignment : Int) -> Int

AllocationBuilder::finish

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fn[Inst] AllocationBuilder::finish(self : AllocationBuilder[Inst]) -> Allocation

AllocationBuilder::from_plan_storage

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fn[Inst] AllocationBuilder::from_plan_storage(function : Function[Inst], value_locations : Array[
AllocationLocation?], operand_locations : Array[Array[
AllocationLocation?]], spill_owners : Array[Int], spill_sizes : Array[Int], spill_alignments : Array[Int]) -> AllocationBuilder[Inst]?

Adopts canonical location tables produced for this exact selected function.

The caller must stop mutating the source tables after adoption. Shape, location class, spill ownership, size, and alignment are checked here so callers that disable the final allocation verifier retain the same local construction guarantees as incremental builder writes.

AllocationBuilder::new

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fn[Inst] AllocationBuilder::new(function : Function[Inst]) -> AllocationBuilder[Inst]

AllocationBuilder::operand_value_at

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fn[Inst] AllocationBuilder::operand_value_at(self : AllocationBuilder[Inst], instruction : Int, operand : Int) -> Int

AllocationBuilder::value_location

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AllocationBuilder::value_type_at

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fn[Inst] AllocationBuilder::value_type_at(self : AllocationBuilder[Inst], value : Int) -> 
ValueType

AllocationStatistics

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pub struct AllocationStatistics {
  spill_slots : Int
  spills : Int
  reloads : Int
  reg_moves : Int
  spill_to_spill : Int
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

Read-only summary of the transfers introduced by register allocation.

AllocationStatistics::equal

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AllocationStatistics::not_equal

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AllocationStatistics::to_repr

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Block

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pub struct Block {
  // private fields
}

impl Eq for Block
impl Show for Block
impl Debug for Block

Block::equal

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fn Block::equal(self : Block, other : Block) -> Bool

Block::not_equal

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fn Block::not_equal(x : Block, y : Block) -> Bool

Block::output

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fn Block::output(self : Block, logger : &Logger) -> Unit

Block::to_repr

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Block::to_string

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fn Block::to_string(self : Block) -> String

Builder

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pub struct Builder[Inst] {
  // private fields
}

Builder::append_body

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fn[Inst] Builder::append_body(self : Builder[Inst], block : Block, inst : Inst, inputs : Array[Input], outputs : Array[Output], clobbers : Array[
PhysicalReg], metadata : InstructionMetadata) -> (Instruction, Array[Value]) raise VCodeBuildError

Builder::block_parameter

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fn[Inst] Builder::block_parameter(self : Builder[Inst], block : Block, index : Int) -> Value raise VCodeBuildError

Builder::create_block

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fn[Inst] Builder::create_block(self : Builder[Inst], parameter_types : Array[
ValueType]) -> Block

Builder::entry_block

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fn[Inst] Builder::entry_block(self : Builder[Inst]) -> Block

Builder::finish

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fn[Inst] Builder::finish(self : Builder[Inst]) -> Function[Inst]

Builder::new

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fn[Inst] Builder::new(name : String, parameter_types : Array[
ValueType]) -> Builder[Inst]

Builder::new_with_protocol

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Builder::new_with_results

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fn[Inst] Builder::new_with_results(name : String, parameter_types : Array[
ValueType], result_types : Array[
ValueType]) -> Builder[Inst]

Builder::parameter

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fn[Inst] Builder::parameter(self : Builder[Inst], index : Int) -> Value raise VCodeBuildError

Builder::set_terminator

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fn[Inst] Builder::set_terminator(self : Builder[Inst], block : Block, inst : Inst, inputs : Array[Input], successors : Array[Edge], clobbers : Array[
PhysicalReg], metadata : InstructionMetadata) -> Instruction raise VCodeBuildError

CallTransfer

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pub struct CallTransfer {
  // private fields
}

One allocated source and its physical destination in a target call layout.

CallTransfer::to_register

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CallTransfer::to_stack

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CallTransferPlan

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pub struct CallTransferPlan {
  stack_transfers : Array[StackArgumentTransfer]
  register_moves : Array[ParallelMove]
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

CallTransferPlan::equal

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CallTransferPlan::not_equal

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fn CallTransferPlan::not_equal(x : CallTransferPlan, y : CallTransferPlan) -> Bool

CallTransferPlan::to_repr

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CheckedBuilder

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pub struct CheckedBuilder[Inst] {
  // private fields
}

A production builder that establishes local VCode invariants before every mutation. The permissive Builder remains available for external tools and verifier negative tests; target selectors use this type so sealing does not need to rediscover local facts by scanning the completed instruction list.

CheckedBuilder::append_body

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fn[Inst] CheckedBuilder::append_body(self : CheckedBuilder[Inst], block : Block, inst : Inst, inputs : Array[Input], outputs : Array[Output], clobbers : Array[
PhysicalReg], metadata : InstructionMetadata) -> (Instruction, Array[Value]) raise VCodeBuildError

CheckedBuilder::block_parameter

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fn[Inst] CheckedBuilder::block_parameter(self : CheckedBuilder[Inst], block : Block, index : Int) -> Value raise VCodeBuildError

CheckedBuilder::create_block

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fn[Inst] CheckedBuilder::create_block(self : CheckedBuilder[Inst], parameter_types : Array[
ValueType]) -> Block

CheckedBuilder::entry_block

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fn[Inst] CheckedBuilder::entry_block(self : CheckedBuilder[Inst]) -> Block

CheckedBuilder::finish

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fn[Inst] CheckedBuilder::finish(self : CheckedBuilder[Inst]) -> Function[Inst] raise VCodeBuildError

CheckedBuilder::new

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fn[Inst] CheckedBuilder::new(name : String, parameter_types : Array[
ValueType]) -> CheckedBuilder[Inst]

CheckedBuilder::new_with_protocol

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CheckedBuilder::new_with_results

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fn[Inst] CheckedBuilder::new_with_results(name : String, parameter_types : Array[
ValueType], result_types : Array[
ValueType]) -> CheckedBuilder[Inst]

CheckedBuilder::parameter

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fn[Inst] CheckedBuilder::parameter(self : CheckedBuilder[Inst], index : Int) -> Value raise VCodeBuildError

CheckedBuilder::set_terminator

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fn[Inst] CheckedBuilder::set_terminator(self : CheckedBuilder[Inst], block : Block, inst : Inst, inputs : Array[Input], successors : Array[Edge], clobbers : Array[
PhysicalReg], metadata : InstructionMetadata) -> Instruction raise VCodeBuildError

Edge

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pub struct Edge {
  target : Block
  arguments : Array[Value]
}

Edge::new

source
fn Edge::new(target : Block, arguments : Array[Value]) -> Edge

Edit

source
pub struct Edit {
  point : ProgramPoint?
  kind : EditKind
}

Edit::edge_move

source
fn Edit::edge_move(source : Block, successor_index : Int, value : Value, from : Location, to : Location) -> Edit

Edit::kind

source
fn Edit::kind(self : Edit) -> EditKind

Edit::point

source
fn Edit::point(self : Edit) -> ProgramPoint?

Edit::register_move

source

Edit::reload

source

Edit::spill

source

EditKind

source
pub(all) enum EditKind {
  Spill(value~ : Value, reg~ : 
PhysicalReg, slot~ : StackSlot)
  Reload(value~ : Value, slot~ : StackSlot, reg~ : 
PhysicalReg)
  Move(value~ : Value, from~ : 
PhysicalReg, to~ : 
PhysicalReg)
  EdgeMove(source~ : Block, successor_index~ : Int, value~ : Value, from~ : Location, to~ : Location)
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

EditKind::equal

source
fn EditKind::equal(EditKind, EditKind) -> Bool

EditKind::not_equal

source
fn EditKind::not_equal(x : EditKind, y : EditKind) -> Bool

EditKind::to_repr

source

FrameLayout

source
pub struct FrameLayout {
  // private fields
}

FrameLayout::alignment

source
fn FrameLayout::alignment(self : FrameLayout) -> Int

FrameLayout::frame_size

source
fn FrameLayout::frame_size(self : FrameLayout) -> Int

FrameLayout::new

source
fn[Inst] FrameLayout::new(function : Function[Inst], allocation : Allocation, frame_size : Int, alignment : Int) -> FrameLayout

FrameLayout::place_slot

source
fn FrameLayout::place_slot(self : FrameLayout, slot : StackSlot, offset : Int) -> Bool

FrameLayout::slot_offset

source
fn FrameLayout::slot_offset(self : FrameLayout, slot : StackSlot) -> Int?

Function

source
pub struct Function[Inst] {
  // private fields
}

Function::after

source
fn[Inst] Function::after(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction) -> ProgramPoint?

Function::allocation_block_instruction_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_block_instruction_at(self : Function[Inst], block : Int, instruction : Int) -> Int

Function::allocation_block_instruction_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_block_instruction_count(self : Function[Inst], block : Int) -> Int

Function::allocation_block_parameter_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_block_parameter_at(self : Function[Inst], block : Int, parameter : Int) -> 
VirtualReg

Function::allocation_block_parameter_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_block_parameter_count(self : Function[Inst], block : Int) -> Int

Function::allocation_block_successor_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_block_successor_at(self : Function[Inst], block : Int, successor : Int) -> Int

Function::allocation_block_successor_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_block_successor_count(self : Function[Inst], block : Int) -> Int

Function::allocation_edge_argument_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_edge_argument_at(self : Function[Inst], block : Int, successor : Int, argument : Int) -> 
VirtualReg

Function::allocation_edge_argument_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_edge_argument_count(self : Function[Inst], block : Int, successor : Int) -> Int

Function::allocation_entry_value_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_entry_value_at(self : Function[Inst], parameter : Int) -> 
VirtualReg

Returns a function parameter as a canonical allocation virtual register.

Function::allocation_instruction_clobbers

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_instruction_clobbers(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Int) -> ArrayView[
PhysicalReg]

Function::allocation_instruction_operands

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_instruction_operands(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Int) -> ArrayView[
AllocationOperand]

Function::allocation_layout_block_id_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_layout_block_id_at(self : Function[Inst], block : Int) -> Int

Returns the stable block id at a valid dense layout index.

Function::allocation_value_type_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_value_type_at(self : Function[Inst], value : Int) -> 
ValueType

Returns the allocation type for a valid dense value id.

Allocation consumers call these indexed accessors only after selected VCode validation, so invalid indices are programmer errors.

Function::allocation_vreg

source
fn[Inst] Function::allocation_vreg(self : Function[Inst], value : Value) -> 
VirtualReg?

Function::before

source
fn[Inst] Function::before(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction) -> ProgramPoint?

Function::block_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::block_at(self : Function[Inst], index : Int) -> Block?

Function::block_body

source
fn[Inst] Function::block_body(self : Function[Inst], block : Block) -> Array[Instruction]

Function::block_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::block_count(self : Function[Inst]) -> Int

Function::block_index

source
fn[Inst] Function::block_index(self : Function[Inst], block : Block) -> Int?

Function::block_instruction_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::block_instruction_at(self : Function[Inst], block : Block, index : Int) -> Instruction?

Returns a body instruction or the block terminator by linear block index.

Function::block_instruction_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::block_instruction_count(self : Function[Inst], block : Block) -> Int

Number of instructions in a block, including its terminator when present.

Function::block_parameter_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::block_parameter_at(self : Function[Inst], block : Block, index : Int) -> Value?

Function::block_parameter_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::block_parameter_count(self : Function[Inst], block : Block) -> Int

Function::block_parameters

source
fn[Inst] Function::block_parameters(self : Function[Inst], block : Block) -> Array[Value]

Function::block_terminator

source
fn[Inst] Function::block_terminator(self : Function[Inst], block : Block) -> Instruction?

Function::entry_block

source
fn[Inst] Function::entry_block(self : Function[Inst]) -> Block

Function::instruction

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction) -> Inst?

Function::instruction_allocation_operand_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_allocation_operand_at(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction, index : Int) -> 
AllocationOperand?

Function::instruction_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_at(self : Function[Inst], index : Int) -> Instruction?

Function::instruction_clobber_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_clobber_at(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction, index : Int) -> 
PhysicalReg?

Function::instruction_clobber_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_clobber_count(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction) -> Int

Function::instruction_clobbers

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_clobbers(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction) -> Array[
PhysicalReg]

Function::instruction_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_count(self : Function[Inst]) -> Int

Function::instruction_index

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_index(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction) -> Int?

Function::instruction_is_terminator

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_is_terminator(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction) -> Bool

Function::instruction_metadata

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_metadata(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction) -> InstructionMetadata?

Function::instruction_operand_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_operand_at(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction, index : Int) -> Operand?

Function::instruction_operand_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_operand_count(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction) -> Int

Function::instruction_operands

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_operands(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction) -> Array[Operand]

Function::instruction_results

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_results(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction) -> Array[Value]

Function::instruction_successor_argument_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_successor_argument_at(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction, successor : Int, argument : Int) -> Value?

Function::instruction_successor_argument_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_successor_argument_count(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction, successor : Int) -> Int

Function::instruction_successor_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_successor_at(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction, index : Int) -> Edge?

Function::instruction_successor_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_successor_count(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction) -> Int

Function::instruction_successor_target

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_successor_target(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction, successor : Int) -> Block?

Function::instruction_successors

source
fn[Inst] Function::instruction_successors(self : Function[Inst], instruction : Instruction) -> Array[Edge]

Function::layout

source
fn[Inst] Function::layout(self : Function[Inst]) -> Array[Block]

Function::layout_block_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::layout_block_at(self : Function[Inst], index : Int) -> Block?

Function::name

source
fn[Inst] Function::name(self : Function[Inst]) -> String

Function::parameter_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::parameter_at(self : Function[Inst], index : Int) -> Value?

Function::parameter_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::parameter_count(self : Function[Inst]) -> Int

Function::program_point_instruction

source
fn[Inst] Function::program_point_instruction(self : Function[Inst], point : ProgramPoint) -> Instruction?

Function::protocol

source

Function::result_types

source

Function::set_layout

source
fn[Inst] Function::set_layout(self : Function[Inst], layout : Array[Block]) -> Unit raise VCodeBuildError

Function::summary

source
fn[Inst : 
Debug] Function::summary(self : Function[Inst]) -> String

Function::value_at

source
fn[Inst] Function::value_at(self : Function[Inst], index : Int) -> Value?

Function::value_count

source
fn[Inst] Function::value_count(self : Function[Inst]) -> Int

Function::value_index

source
fn[Inst] Function::value_index(self : Function[Inst], value : Value) -> Int?

Function::value_type

source
fn[Inst] Function::value_type(self : Function[Inst], value : Value) -> 
ValueType?

Input

source

Input::any

source
fn Input::any(value : Value) -> Input

Input::any_location

source
fn Input::any_location(value : Value) -> Input

Keep an input in its allocated register or spill slot. This is intended for target operations, such as ABI argument setup, whose emitter can consume a stack-resident value directly instead of requiring every input in a register at the same program point.

Input::fixed

source

Input::with_preference

source
fn Input::with_preference(self : Input, preference : 
PhysicalReg) -> Input

Prefer a physical register without making it an allocation constraint.

Input::with_timing

source

Instruction

source
pub struct Instruction {
  // private fields
}

impl Eq for Instruction
impl Show for Instruction

Instruction::equal

source
fn Instruction::equal(self : Instruction, other : Instruction) -> Bool

Instruction::not_equal

source
fn Instruction::not_equal(x : Instruction, y : Instruction) -> Bool

Instruction::output

source
fn Instruction::output(self : Instruction, logger : &Logger) -> Unit

Instruction::to_repr

source

Instruction::to_string

source
fn Instruction::to_string(self : Instruction) -> String

InstructionMetadata

source

Location

source
pub(all) enum Location {
  Register(
PhysicalReg)
  Stack(StackSlot)
} derive(Eq)

impl Debug for Location

Location::equal

source
fn Location::equal(Location, Location) -> Bool

Location::not_equal

source
fn Location::not_equal(x : Location, y : Location) -> Bool

Location::to_repr

source

Operand

source

Operand::equal

source
fn Operand::equal(Operand, Operand) -> Bool

Operand::not_equal

source
fn Operand::not_equal(x : Operand, y : Operand) -> Bool

Operand::to_repr

source

OperandConstraint

source
pub(all) enum OperandConstraint {
  Any
  AnyLocation
  Fixed(
PhysicalReg)
  TiedTo(Int)
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

OperandConstraint::equal

source

OperandConstraint::not_equal

source
fn OperandConstraint::not_equal(x : OperandConstraint, y : OperandConstraint) -> Bool

OperandConstraint::to_repr

source

Output

source

Output::any

source

Output::any_location

source

Materialize the result directly in its stable register or stack home. This is intended for target ABI pseudos whose emitter owns the transfer from an implicit incoming location.

Output::fixed

source

Output::tied

source
fn Output::tied(ty : 
ValueType, operand_index : Int) -> Output

Output::with_preference

source

Prefer a physical register without making it an allocation constraint.

Output::with_timing

source

ParallelMove

source

ParallelMove::equal

source

ParallelMove::new

source

ParallelMove::not_equal

source
fn ParallelMove::not_equal(x : ParallelMove, y : ParallelMove) -> Bool

ParallelMove::to_repr

source

PointPlacement

source
pub(all) enum PointPlacement {
  Before
  After
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

PointPlacement::equal

source

PointPlacement::not_equal

source
fn PointPlacement::not_equal(x : PointPlacement, y : PointPlacement) -> Bool

PointPlacement::to_repr

source

ProgramPoint

source
pub struct ProgramPoint {
  // private fields
}

impl Eq for ProgramPoint

ProgramPoint::equal

source
fn ProgramPoint::equal(self : ProgramPoint, other : ProgramPoint) -> Bool

ProgramPoint::instruction

source
fn ProgramPoint::instruction(self : ProgramPoint) -> Instruction

ProgramPoint::not_equal

source
fn ProgramPoint::not_equal(x : ProgramPoint, y : ProgramPoint) -> Bool

ProgramPoint::placement

source
fn ProgramPoint::placement(self : ProgramPoint) -> PointPlacement

ProgramPoint::to_repr

source

RegallocLoopStatistics

source
pub(all) struct RegallocLoopStatistics {
  queue_pops : Int
  register_probes : Int
  occupied_segments_scanned : Int
  conflicts : Int
  evictions : Int
  bundle_splits : Int
  second_chance_attempts : Int
  max_queue_length : Int
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

Deterministic counters for the allocator's bundle-probing loop.

RegallocLoopStatistics::equal

source

RegallocLoopStatistics::not_equal

source

RegallocLoopStatistics::to_repr

source

ResolvedCallTransferPlan

source
pub struct ResolvedCallTransferPlan {
  stack_transfers : Array[StackArgumentTransfer]
  register_moves : ResolvedMovePlan
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

ResolvedCallTransferPlan::equal

source

ResolvedCallTransferPlan::not_equal

source

ResolvedCallTransferPlan::to_repr

source

ResolvedMovePlan

source
pub struct ResolvedMovePlan {
  steps : Array[ResolvedMoveStep]
  requires_emergency : Bool
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

ResolvedMovePlan::empty

source

ResolvedMovePlan::equal

source

ResolvedMovePlan::not_equal

source
fn ResolvedMovePlan::not_equal(x : ResolvedMovePlan, y : ResolvedMovePlan) -> Bool

ResolvedMovePlan::to_repr

source

ResolvedMoveStep

source

ResolvedMoveStep::equal

source

ResolvedMoveStep::not_equal

source
fn ResolvedMoveStep::not_equal(x : ResolvedMoveStep, y : ResolvedMoveStep) -> Bool

ResolvedMoveStep::to_repr

source

StackArgumentTransfer

source

StackArgumentTransfer::equal

source

StackArgumentTransfer::not_equal

source

StackArgumentTransfer::to_repr

source

StackSlot

source
pub struct StackSlot {
  // private fields
}

impl Eq for StackSlot
impl Debug for StackSlot

StackSlot::equal

source
fn StackSlot::equal(self : StackSlot, other : StackSlot) -> Bool

StackSlot::not_equal

source
fn StackSlot::not_equal(x : StackSlot, y : StackSlot) -> Bool

StackSlot::to_repr

source

SymbolReference

source

SymbolReference::equal

source

SymbolReference::not_equal

source
fn SymbolReference::not_equal(x : SymbolReference, y : SymbolReference) -> Bool

SymbolReference::to_repr

source

TargetCompileEvent

source
pub(all) enum TargetCompileEvent {
  TargetAnalysisStarted
  TargetConstructionStarted
  TargetValidationStarted
  TargetCommonValidationStarted
  TargetIsaValidationStarted
  TargetSealingStarted
  TargetSelectionFinished
  RegallocStarted
  RegallocPhaseStarted(String)
  RegallocPhasesFinished
  RegallocLoopMeasured(RegallocLoopStatistics)
  RegallocFinished(AllocationStatistics)
  FramePlanningStarted
  FramePlanningFinished
  EmissionStarted
  EmissionFinished
} derive(Eq, 
Debug)

Target-compilation boundaries exposed to an embedding-owned observer.

The observer must not mutate compiler inputs from inside the callback.

TargetCompileEvent::equal

source

TargetCompileEvent::not_equal

source

TargetCompileEvent::to_repr

source

Value

source
pub struct Value {
  // private fields
}

impl Eq for Value
impl Show for Value
impl Debug for Value

Value::equal

source
fn Value::equal(self : Value, other : Value) -> Bool

Value::not_equal

source
fn Value::not_equal(x : Value, y : Value) -> Bool

Value::output

source
fn Value::output(self : Value, logger : &Logger) -> Unit

Value::to_repr

source

Value::to_string

source
fn Value::to_string(self : Value) -> String

plan_call_transfers

source
fn plan_call_transfers(allocation : Allocation, transfers : Array[CallTransfer], outgoing_stack_start : Int, outgoing_stack_size : Int, scratch_int : Array[
PhysicalReg], scratch_fp : Array[
PhysicalReg], protected_locations : Array[Location]) -> CallTransferPlan raise CallTransferError

plan_parallel_moves

source

plan_resolved_call_transfers

source
fn plan_resolved_call_transfers(allocation : Allocation, transfers : Array[CallTransfer], outgoing_stack_start : Int, outgoing_stack_size : Int, stack_scratch_int : Array[
PhysicalReg], stack_scratch_fp : Array[
PhysicalReg], move_scratch_int : 
PhysicalReg, move_scratch_fp : 
PhysicalReg, protected_locations : Array[Location]) -> ResolvedCallTransferPlan raise CallTransferError

reg_class_for_value_type

source

resolve_parallel_moves

source

verify_allocated

source
fn[Inst] verify_allocated(function : Function[Inst], allocation : Allocation) -> Unit raise AllocationVerifyError

verify_allocation_invariants

source
fn[Inst] verify_allocation_invariants(function : Function[Inst], allocation : Allocation) -> Unit raise AllocationVerifyError

Verifies allocation-specific invariants for VCode that has already passed verify_selected. The caller must not mutate function between the two checks.

verify_emission_input

source
fn[Inst] verify_emission_input(function : Function[Inst], allocation : Allocation, frame : FrameLayout) -> Unit raise EmissionVerifyError

verify_framed

source
fn[Inst] verify_framed(function : Function[Inst], allocation : Allocation, frame : FrameLayout) -> Unit raise FrameVerifyError

verify_selected

source
fn[Inst] verify_selected(function : Function[Inst]) -> Unit raise VCodeVerifyError

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