#MoonElec - Electrical Engineering Calculation Library

#Features

#DC Circuit Analysis

• Ohm's Law: Voltage, current, and resistance relationships (V = I × R)
• Power Calculations: Electrical power in various forms (P = V × I, P = I² × R, P = V² / R)
• Resistor Networks: Series and parallel resistor combinations
• Voltage Division: Voltage divider circuits and calculations
• Kirchhoff's Laws: KCL and KVL verification functions

#AC Circuit Analysis

• Frequency Analysis: Angular frequency, inductive reactance, capacitive reactance
• Resonance: LC circuit resonance frequency calculations
• Impedance: Complex impedance calculations for AC circuits
• Phase Relationships: Phase angle calculations and relationships

#Power Systems

• AC Power: Apparent power, active power, reactive power, power factor
• Three-Phase Systems: Three-phase power calculations, voltage transformations
• Transformers: Turns ratio, voltage ratio, current ratio calculations
• Electric Motors: Synchronous speed, slip calculations for induction motors

#Signal Processing

• RMS Calculations: Root mean square value conversions for AC signals
• Peak-to-RMS: Peak value to RMS conversions and vice versa
• Frequency Analysis: Signal frequency component calculations

#Electronics

• Diodes: Forward voltage drop calculations
• Operational Amplifiers: Inverting and non-inverting amplifier gain calculations
• Filters: Low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass filter frequency calculations
• Passive Components: Capacitor charging/discharging, inductor behavior

#Control Systems

• First-Order Systems: Time constant and step response calculations
• System Analysis: Transfer function analysis tools
• Stability Analysis: Basic stability verification functions

#Mathematical Utilities

• Complex Numbers: Complex number operations (addition, magnitude, phase)
• Trigonometric Functions: Advanced trigonometric calculations
• Logarithmic Functions: Decibel conversions and logarithmic calculations

#Usage

#DC Circuit Analysis

test "dc circuit" {
  // Ohm's law: V = I * R
  // V = 2A * 10Ω = 20V
  let v = ohm_law_voltage(2.0, 10.0)
  assert_eq(v, 20.0)

  // Current: I = V / R = 20V / 10Ω = 2A
  let i = ohm_law_current(20.0, 10.0)
  assert_eq(i, 2.0)

  // Power: P = V * I = 20V * 2A = 40W
  let p = power_vi(20.0, 2.0)
  assert_eq(p, 40.0)

  // Power: P = I² * R = 2² * 10 = 40W
  let p2 = power_resistance(2.0, 10.0)
  assert_eq(p2, 40.0)

  // Resistor series: R = 10 + 20 = 30Ω
  let rs = resistance_series(10.0, 20.0)
  assert_eq(rs, 30.0)

  // Resistor parallel: R = 1/(1/10 + 1/20) = 6.67Ω
  let rp = resistance_parallel(10.0, 20.0)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(rp, 6.67, 0.1), true)

  // Voltage divider: V_out = 10V * 20/(10+20) = 6.67V
  let vout = voltage_divider(10.0, 10.0, 20.0)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(vout, 6.67, 0.1), true)
}

#AC Circuit Analysis

test "ac circuit" {
  // Angular frequency: ω = 2πf = 2π*50 = 314.16 rad/s
  let omega = angular_frequency(50.0)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(omega, 314.16, 1.0), true)

  // Inductive reactance: X_L = 2πfL = 2π*50*0.1 = 31.42Ω
  let xl = inductive_reactance(50.0, 0.1)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(xl, 31.42, 0.5), true)

  // Capacitive reactance: X_C = 1/(2πfC) = 1/(2π*50*100e-6) = 31.83Ω
  let xc = capacitive_reactance(50.0, 100.0e-6)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(xc, 31.83, 0.5), true)

  // Resonance frequency: f_0 = 1/(2π√(LC)) = 1/(2π√(0.1*100e-6)) = 50.33Hz
  let f0 = resonance_frequency(0.1, 100.0e-6)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(f0, 50.33, 1.0), true)
}

#AC Power Calculations

test "ac power" {
  // Apparent power: S = V * I = 220V * 10A = 2200VA
  let s = apparent_power(220.0, 10.0)
  assert_eq(s, 2200.0)

  // Active power: P = V*I*cos(φ) = 220*10*0.85 = 1870W
  let phi = power_factor_angle(0.85)
  let p = active_power(220.0, 10.0, phi)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(p, 1870.0, 10.0), true)

  // Power factor: PF = P/S = 1870/2200 = 0.85
  let pf = power_factor(1870.0, 2200.0)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(pf, 0.85, 0.01), true)
}

#Transformer Calculations

test "transformer" {
  // Turns ratio: n = N1/N2 = 1000/100 = 10
  let n = transformer_turns_ratio(1000, 100)
  assert_eq(n, 10.0)

  // Voltage ratio: V2 = V1*N2/N1 = 220*100/1000 = 22V
  let v2 = transformer_voltage_ratio(220.0, 1000, 100)
  assert_eq(v2, 22.0)

  // Current ratio: I2 = I1*N1/N2 = 1*1000/100 = 10A
  let i2 = transformer_current_ratio(1.0, 1000, 100)
  assert_eq(i2, 10.0)
}

#Motor Calculations

test "motor" {
  // Synchronous speed: n_s = 60*f/p = 60*50/2 = 1500 rpm
  let ns = synchronous_speed(50.0, 2)
  assert_eq(ns, 1500.0)

  // Slip: s = (1500-1440)/1500 = 0.04
  let s = slip(1500.0, 1440.0)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(s, 0.04, 0.001), true)

  // Actual speed: n = 1500*(1-0.04) = 1440 rpm
  let n = induction_motor_speed(1500.0, 0.04)
  assert_eq(n, 1440.0)
}

#Three-Phase Systems

test "three phase" {
  // Three-phase power: P = √3*V_L*I_L*PF = √3*380*10*0.85 = 5594W
  let p = three_phase_power_star(380.0, 10.0, 0.85)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(p, 5594.0, 10.0), true)

  // Line to phase voltage: V_ph = 380/√3 = 219.4V
  let vph = line_to_phase_voltage_star(380.0)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(vph, 219.4, 0.5), true)
}

#Complex Number Operations

test "complex" {
  // Complex number: z = 3 + 4i
  let z = complex(3.0, 4.0)
  assert_eq(z.real, 3.0)
  assert_eq(z.imag, 4.0)

  // Magnitude: |z| = √(3²+4²) = 5
  let mag = complex_magnitude(z)
  assert_eq(mag, 5.0)

  // Phase angle: φ = arctan(4/3) = 53.13°
  let phase = complex_phase(z)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(rad_to_deg(phase), 53.13, 1.0), true)

  // Complex addition: (3+4i) + (1+2i) = 4+6i
  let z1 = complex(3.0, 4.0)
  let z2 = complex(1.0, 2.0)
  let z_sum = complex_add(z1, z2)
  assert_eq(z_sum.real, 4.0)
  assert_eq(z_sum.imag, 6.0)
}

#Signal Processing

test "signal processing" {
  // RMS value: RMS = A/√2 = 10/√2 = 7.07V
  let rms = rms_sine(10.0)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(rms, 7.07, 0.1), true)

  // Peak to RMS: 10V -> 7.07V
  let rms2 = peak_to_rms(10.0)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(rms2, 7.07, 0.1), true)

  // RMS to peak: 7.07V -> 10V
  let peak = rms_to_peak(7.07)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(peak, 10.0, 0.1), true)
}

#Filter Design

test "filter" {
  // Low-pass cutoff frequency: f_c = 1/(2πRC) = 1/(2π*1000*1e-6) = 159.15Hz
  let fc = lowpass_cutoff_frequency(1000.0, 1.0e-6)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(fc, 159.15, 1.0), true)

  // Band-pass center frequency: f_0 = 1/(2π√(LC)) = 1/(2π√(0.001*1e-6)) = 5033Hz
  let f0 = bandpass_center_frequency(0.001, 1.0e-6)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(f0, 5033.0, 10.0), true)
}

#Electronics Components

test "electronics" {
  // Diode forward voltage: Silicon diode 0.7V
  let vf = diode_forward_voltage(true)
  assert_eq(vf, 0.7)

  // Op-amp inverting gain: A_v = -R_f/R_in = -10k/1k = -10
  let av = opamp_inverting_gain(10000.0, 1000.0)
  assert_eq(av, -10.0)

  // Op-amp non-inverting gain: A_v = 1 + R_f/R_in = 1 + 10k/1k = 11
  let av2 = opamp_non_inverting_gain(10000.0, 1000.0)
  assert_eq(av2, 11.0)
}

#Control Systems

test "control" {
  // First-order system time constant: τ = RC = 1000*1e-6 = 0.001s
  let tau = first_order_time_constant(1000.0, 1.0e-6)
  assert_eq(tau, 0.001)

  // First-order step response: y(0.001) = 1*(1-exp(-1)) = 0.632
  let y = first_order_step_response(1.0, 0.001, 0.001)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(y, 0.632, 0.01), true)
}

#Signal Analysis

test "signal analysis" {
  // Decibel to voltage ratio: 20dB -> 10^(20/20) = 10
  let ratio = db_to_voltage_ratio(20.0)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(ratio, 10.0, 0.1), true)

  // Voltage ratio to decibel: 10 -> 20*log10(10) = 20dB
  let db = voltage_ratio_to_db(10.0)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(db, 20.0, 0.1), true)
}

#Capacitor and Inductor

test "capacitor inductor" {
  // Capacitor charging: V(τ) = V0*(1-exp(-1)) = 10*0.632 = 6.32V
  let vc = capacitor_charging_voltage(10.0, 0.001, 1000.0, 1.0e-6)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(vc, 6.32, 0.1), true)

  // Capacitor discharging: V(τ) = V0*exp(-1) = 10*0.368 = 3.68V
  let vd = capacitor_discharging_voltage(10.0, 0.001, 1000.0, 1.0e-6)
  assert_eq(approx_equal(vd, 3.68, 0.1), true)
}

#Parameter Ranges

#Valid Input Ranges

• Voltage: 0–1000 V (DC and AC voltages)
• Current: 0–1000 A (DC and AC currents)
• Resistance: 0.001–10⁶ Ω (resistor values)
• Capacitance: 10⁻¹²–10⁻³ F (capacitor values)
• Inductance: 10⁻⁹–10⁻³ H (inductor values)
• Frequency: 0.1–10⁶ Hz (AC signal frequencies)
• Power: 0–10⁶ W (electrical power)
• Phase Angle: -π to π radians (phase angles)

#Typical Engineering Values

• Standard Voltage: 220V/380V (single/three-phase)
• Power Frequency: 50Hz/60Hz (regional standards)
• Power Factor: 0.7–1.0 (industrial/commercial loads)
• Motor Efficiency: 0.8–0.95 (electric motor efficiency)
• Cable Resistance: 0.01–100 Ω/km (conductor resistance)

#Testing

moon test

#Test Coverage

• DC circuit analysis (Ohm's law, power, resistor networks)
• AC circuit analysis (frequency, impedance, resonance)
• Power systems (AC power, three-phase systems, transformers)
• Electric motors (induction motors, synchronous machines)
• Signal processing (RMS, peak-peak conversions)
• Electronics (diodes, operational amplifiers, filters)
• Control systems (first-order systems, step response)
• Mathematical utilities (complex numbers, trigonometry)
• Passive components (capacitors, inductors)
• Boundary conditions and edge cases

#Technical Details

#Standards and References

• IEC Standards: International Electrotechnical Commission standards
• IEEE Standards: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standards
• Electrical Engineering Textbooks: Standard electrical engineering references
• SI Units: All calculations use International System of Units

#Mathematical Methods

• Circuit Analysis: Kirchhoff's laws, Ohm's law, power relationships
• AC Analysis: Phasor analysis, complex number representation
• Frequency Domain: Laplace transforms for control systems
• Signal Processing: RMS calculations, frequency analysis
• Numerical Methods: Root finding, interpolation, numerical integration

#Unit System

• Voltage: volts (V)
• Current: amperes (A)
• Resistance: ohms (Ω)
• Capacitance: farads (F)
• Inductance: henries (H)
• Frequency: hertz (Hz)
• Power: watts (W)

#Notes

1. Units: All calculations use SI units (volts, amperes, ohms, etc.)
2. Precision: Floating-point calculations may have numerical precision limitations
3. Boundary Conditions: Values outside valid ranges may yield inaccurate results
4. Phase Angles: All angles must be in radians (use conversion functions if needed)
5. Complex Numbers: For AC circuit analysis, complex representation is used
6. Safety Factors: Engineering calculations should include appropriate safety margins
7. Standards Compliance: Functions follow international electrical engineering standards
8. Validation: Results should be verified against commercial electrical engineering software

#Application Scenarios

• Electrical Engineering Education: Circuit analysis and power systems teaching
• Power System Design: Electrical distribution and transmission system design
• Electronics Design: Analog and digital circuit design and analysis
• Control Systems Engineering: Industrial control systems and automation
• Renewable Energy: Solar, wind, and other renewable energy system calculations
• Electric Vehicle Design: Battery systems and electric motor calculations
• Industrial Automation: PLC programming and industrial control systems
• Telecommunications: Signal processing and communication system analysis
• Instrumentation: Measurement systems and sensor calculations
• Research Applications: Electrical engineering research and development

#Version Information

• DC circuit analysis (Ohm's law, power, networks)
• AC circuit analysis (frequency, impedance, resonance)
• Power systems (three-phase, transformers, motors)
• Signal processing (RMS, filtering, analysis)
• Electronics (diodes, op-amps, passive components)
• Control systems (first-order systems, responses)
• Mathematical utilities (complex numbers, trigonometry)